[PATCH v4] net: fix checksum with unaligned buffer

[Stanisław Kardach]

On Thu, Jun 30, 2022 at 6:32 PM Morten Brørup <mb at smartsharesystems.com> wrote:
>
> > From: Mattias Rönnblom [mailto:hofors at lysator.liu.se]
> > Sent: Tuesday, 28 June 2022 08.28
> >
> > On 2022-06-27 22:21, Morten Brørup wrote:
> > >> From: Mattias Rönnblom [mailto:hofors at lysator.liu.se]
> > >> Sent: Monday, 27 June 2022 19.23
> > >>
> > >> On 2022-06-27 15:22, Morten Brørup wrote:
> > >>>> From: Emil Berg [mailto:emil.berg at ericsson.com]
> > >>>> Sent: Monday, 27 June 2022 14.51
> > >>>>
> > >>>>> From: Emil Berg
> > >>>>> Sent: den 27 juni 2022 14:46
> > >>>>>
> > >>>>>> From: Mattias Rönnblom <hofors at lysator.liu.se>
> > >>>>>> Sent: den 27 juni 2022 14:28
> > >>>>>>
> > >>>>>> On 2022-06-23 14:51, Morten Brørup wrote:
> > >>>>>>>> From: Morten Brørup [mailto:mb at smartsharesystems.com]
> > >>>>>>>> Sent: Thursday, 23 June 2022 14.39
> > >>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>> With this patch, the checksum can be calculated on an
> > unaligned
> > >>>> buffer.
> > >>>>>>>> I.e. the buf parameter is no longer required to be 16 bit
> > >>>> aligned.
> > >>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>> The checksum is still calculated using a 16 bit aligned
> > pointer,
> > >>>> so
> > >>>>>>>> the compiler can auto-vectorize the function's inner loop.
> > >>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>> When the buffer is unaligned, the first byte of the buffer is
> > >>>>>>>> handled separately. Furthermore, the calculated checksum of
> > the
> > >>>>>>>> buffer is byte shifted before being added to the initial
> > >>>> checksum,
> > >>>>>>>> to compensate for the checksum having been calculated on the
> > >>>> buffer
> > >>>>>>>> shifted by one byte.
> > >>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>> v4:
> > >>>>>>>> * Add copyright notice.
> > >>>>>>>> * Include stdbool.h (Emil Berg).
> > >>>>>>>> * Use RTE_PTR_ADD (Emil Berg).
> > >>>>>>>> * Fix one more typo in commit message. Is 'unligned' even a
> > >>>> word?
> > >>>>>>>> v3:
> > >>>>>>>> * Remove braces from single statement block.
> > >>>>>>>> * Fix typo in commit message.
> > >>>>>>>> v2:
> > >>>>>>>> * Do not assume that the buffer is part of an aligned packet
> > >>>> buffer.
> > >>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>> Bugzilla ID: 1035
> > >>>>>>>> Cc: stable at dpdk.org
> > >>>>>>>>
> > >>>>>>>> Signed-off-by: Morten Brørup <mb at smartsharesystems.com>
> > >
> > > [...]
> > >
> > >>>>>>
> > >>>>>> The compiler will be able to auto vectorize even unaligned
> > >>>> accesses,
> > >>>>>> just with different instructions. From what I can tell, there's
> > no
> > >>>>>> performance impact, at least not on the x86_64 systems I tried
> > on.
> > >>>>>>
> > >>>>>> I think you should remove the first special case conditional and
> > >>>> use
> > >>>>>> memcpy() instead of the cumbersome __may_alias__ construct to
> > >>>> retrieve
> > >>>>>> the data.
> > >>>>>>
> > >>>>>
> > >>>>> Here:
> > >>>>> https://www.agner.org/optimize/instruction_tables.pdf
> > >>>>> it lists the latency of vmovdqa (aligned) as 6 cycles and the
> > >> latency
> > >>>> for
> > >>>>> vmovdqu (unaligned) as 7 cycles. So I guess there can be some
> > >>>> difference.
> > >>>>> Although in practice I'm not sure what difference it makes. I've
> > >> not
> > >>>> seen any
> > >>>>> difference in runtime between the two versions.
> > >>>>>
> > >>>>
> > >>>> Correction to my comment:
> > >>>> Those stats are for some older CPU. For some newer CPUs such as
> > >> Tiger
> > >>>> Lake the stats seem to be the same regardless of aligned or
> > >> unaligned.
> > >>>>
> > >>>
> > >>> I agree that the memcpy method is more elegant and easy to read.
> > >>>
> > >>> However, we would need to performance test the modified checksum
> > >> function with a large number of CPUs to prove that we don't
> > introduce a
> > >> performance regression on any CPU architecture still supported by
> > DPDK.
> > >> And Emil already found a CPU where it costs 1 extra cycle per 16
> > bytes,
> > >> which adds up to a total of ca. 91 extra cycles on a 1460 byte TCP
> > >> packet.
> > >>>
> > >>
> > >> I think you've misunderstood what latency means in such tables. It's
> > a
> > >> data dependency thing, not a measure of throughput. The throughput
> > is
> > >> *much* higher. My guess would be two such instruction per clock.
> > >>
> > >> For your 1460 bytes example, my Zen3 AMD needs performs identical
> > with
> > >> both the current DPDK implementation, your patch, and a memcpy()-
> > ified
> > >> version of the current implementation. They all need ~130 clock
> > >> cycles/packet, with warm caches. IPC is 3 instructions per cycle,
> > but
> > >> obvious not all instructions are SIMD.
> > >
> > > You're right, I wasn't thinking deeper about it before extrapolating.
> > >
> > > Great to see some real numbers! I wish someone would do the same
> > testing on an old ARM CPU, so we could also see the other end of the
> > scale.
> > >
> >
> > I've ran it on an ARM A72. For the aligned 1460 bytes case I got:
> > Current DPDK ~572 cc. Your patch: ~578 cc. Memcpy-fied: ~573 cc. They
> > performed about the same for all unaligned/aligned and sizes I tested.
> > This platform (or could be GCC version as well) doesn't suffer from the
> > unaligned performance degradation your patch showed on my AMD machine.
> >
> > >> The main issue with checksumming on the CPU is, in my experience,
> > not
> > >> that you don't have enough compute, but that you trash the caches.
> > >
> > > Agree. I have noticed that x86 has "non-temporal" instruction
> > variants to load/store data without trashing the cache entirely.
> > >
> > > A variant of the checksum function using such instructions might be
> > handy.
> > >
> >
> > Yes, although you may need to prefetch the payload for good
> > performance.
> >
> > > Variants of the memcpy function using such instructions might also be
> > handy for some purposes, e.g. copying the contents of packets, where
> > the original and/or copy will not accessed shortly thereafter.
> > >
> >
> > Indeed and I think it's been discussed on the list. There's some work
> > to
> > get it right, since alignment requirement and the fact a different
> > memory model is used for those SIMD instructions causes trouble for a
> > generic implementation. (For x86_64.)
>
> I just posted an RFC [1] for such memcpy() and memset() functions,
> so let's see how it fans out.
>
> [1] http://inbox.dpdk.org/dev/98CBD80474FA8B44BF855DF32C47DC35D87195@smartserver.smartshare.dk/T/#u
>
> >
> > >>> So I opted for a solution with zero changes to the inner loop, so
> > no
> > >> performance retesting is required (for the previously supported use
> > >> cases, where the buffer is aligned).
> > >>>
> > >>
> > >> You will see performance degradation with this solution as well,
> > under
> > >> certain conditions. For unaligned 100 bytes of data, the current
> > DPDK
> > >> implementation and the memcpy()-fied version needs ~21 cc/packet.
> > Your
> > >> patch needs 54 cc/packet.
> > >
> > > Yes, it's a tradeoff. I exclusively aimed at maintaining performance
> > for the case with aligned buffers (under all circumstances, with all
> > CPUs etc.), and ignored how it affects the performance for the case
> > with unaligned buffers.
> > >
> > > Unlike this patch, the memcpy() variant has no additional branches
> > for the unaligned case, so its performance should be generally
> > unaffected by the buffer being aligned or not. However, I don't have
> > sufficient in-depth CPU knowledge to say if this also applies to RISCV
> > and older ARM CPUs still supported by DPDK.
> > >
> >
> > I don't think avoiding RISCV non-catastrophic regressions triumphs
> > improving performance on mainstream CPUs and avoiding code quality
> > regressions.
> +1
+1. In general RISC-V spec leaves the unaligned load/store handling to
implementation (it might fault, it might not). The U74 core that I
have at hand allows unaligned reads/writes. Though it's not a platform
for performance evaluation (time measurement causes a trap to
firmware), so I won't say anything on that.


--
Best Regards,
Stanisław Kardach